Etude statistique du don du sang et le risque des maladies transmissible par transfusion dans la wilaya de Mila

Abstract

Blood transfusion is an essential element of medical care. It provides life-saving treatment for a variety of diseases. However, there are risks associated with blood transfusions, such as the transmission of infectious agents known as transfusion-transmissible infections. The objective of this study is to identify the criteria and steps of blood donation, then the sociodemographic traits of donors: (age group, sex, types of donation: familial or voluntary, and type of collection: fixed or mobile) as well as the seroprevalence of infectious indicators related to transfusion-transmissible diseases, including HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis in the wilaya of Mila. The results obtained in our study regarding blood donation in the wilaya of Mila, recorded in various hospitals, indicated that the age group of 25 to 49 years represents 60.2% of donors with a male predominance across all hospitals (92.2%, 92.5%, 77.5%....). We also noted that voluntary donation is predominant with rates ranging from 59.4% to 78.9%, and blood group O records the highest rate in all hospitals of the wilaya. However, the distribution of fixed and mobile donations differs, depending on the location and mobility strategy of the hospitals. On the other hand, the seroprevalence of infectious markers, detected by the ELISA technique, reveals very low values in the wilaya, with some even being absent. Indeed, the highest prevalence rate associated with HBV did not exceed 0.086% over the past eleven years. This is a positive point for the wilaya, indicating the success of the donor selection strategy and screening tests. However, the risk remains and it must be addressed thru preventive measures and awareness campaigns.